The Inca Empire was centered in Peru and ruled over much of the west coast of South America from the 1400s to the time of the Spanish arrival in 1532. The golden age of the Maya civilization occurred during what is called the Classic Period from 250 AD to 900 AD. They also excelled in mathematics, art, architecture, and astronomy.
The Maya were the only American civilization to develop an advanced written language. They built pyramids to their gods that towered hundreds of feet tall above the jungle. The Maya are perhaps best known today for their many pyramids. They built hundreds of cities filled with large stone structures. The Maya were located in Central America in a region that is today made up of southern Mexico, the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, and northern El Salvador. Over the course of Maya history, different city-states came into power such as El Mirador, Tikal, Uxmal, Caracol, and Chichen Itza.
The Maya were organized into powerful city-states. The Maya civilization began as early as 2000 BC and continued to have a strong presence in Mesoamerica for over 3000 years until the Spanish arrived in 1519 AD. They tore down much of the city of Tenochtitlan and built their own city on the site called Mexico City. By 1521 the Spanish had conquered the Aztecs. In 1519 Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico. They felt that something bad was going to happen. Around 1517 the priests of the Aztecs began to see omens of doom. The Empire reached its height under the rule of Tlatoani Montezuma I. The Aztec called their ruler the Tlatoani. It had causeways built to get to the mainland and aqueducts to bring fresh water into the city. The rest of the city was planned out in a grid-like fashion and divided up into districts. At the center of the city was a large temple complex with pyramids and a palace for the king. At the height of its power, the city likely had a population of 200,000 people. This city was founded in 1325 on an island in Lake Texcoco. The capital city of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlan. They built large pyramids as temples to their gods and went to war to capture people they could sacrifice to their gods. Much of the Aztec society centered around their religion and gods. It ruled much of the region from the 1400s until the Spanish arrived in 1519. The Aztec Empire was located in central Mexico. Map of Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Civilizations
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